which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?

Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. c. modern sexism and hostile sexism. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. c. discrimination. The Integrity survey includes statements . d. modern sexism. Psych. of Wmn. Chapter 2 Flashcards | Quizlet This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. . On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. In short, Sarah is now arguing her points not so much for herself as she is as a representative of one of her ingroupsnamely, womenand John is acting as a representative of one of his ingroupsnamely, men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), 16671678. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). c. Japanese Americans Reggie and his family are well off financially. He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa white? Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. a. more favorably than older men Related Documents. Of course, using social categories will only be informative to the extent that the stereotypes held by the individual about that category are accurate. c. teachers and fathers were a frequent source of discouraging remarks about girls' academic Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. 29. C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. d. 50. d. had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered. Annual non-discrimination testing is required for a plan that integrates with Social Security. c. The New York Times now publishes announcements of same-sex weddings and commitment Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. b. (1993). \end{array} C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. During the presentation, each member of the discussion group made a suggestion about how to advertise a college play. The cognitive monster: The case against the controllability of automatic stereotype effects. This is an example of Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). b. An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. c. Africans. Because they hold these beliefs, it is possiblealthough not guaranteedthat they may use them when responding to other people, creating a subtle and unconscious type of discrimination. significance level. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes. Because the threat is in the air, Black students may be negatively influenced by it. b. discrimination is unavoidable, but prejudicial attitudes are not. 3989). worship-and-biblical-worldview-theo-104. Bargh, J. Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? a. What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? Competence. Black drivers are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during a vehicle stop (even after controlling for variables such as the reason the car was stopped), but they are found in possession of contraband 26 percent less often than white drivers. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. When we make situational attributions, we are identifying the source of an action as something ________. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. b. impersonal market forces B. in-group bias II I and II II and IV I, II, and III I, III, and IV 2 See answers If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. Define stereotypes and describe the ways that stereotypes are measured. Southern and Eastern Europe. c. 74; 42 One day, the power goes out. (2003). c. Asian women In most aspects of his life, however, being Scottish American has no meaningful impact on his day-to-day life. Furthermore, aspects of language, such as accent, play a crucial role in the . Dwayne Similar effects occur when we categorize other people. Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. a. Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. . a. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South after the Civil War The speed of these responses is used to determine an individuals stereotypes or prejudice. Course Title THEO 104 - Introduction to Christian Thought. The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 207218. b. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. d. none of the above. Following are some situations in which the boundary between the worker and the client has become blurred. (1999). Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. Why do U.S. taxpayers lose because of North Korea's counterfeiting? Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? Although Anthony, an African American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Hispanic American, Anthony was given a raise but not Francisco because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. 1 affective c. 35 Public opinion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(4), 357378. According to this approach, thinking about other people in terms of their social category memberships is a functional way of dealing with the worldthings are complicated, and we reduce complexity by relying on our stereotypes. b. still show more male characters than female characters in basic readers and math materials Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 522. 3 One confederate gave a correct response. All Hispanics are white. d. a and b, A study of popular films found that older women , compared to older men, were portrayed as We actively categorize not only objects, but also ideas and events. a. stereotyping. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Which of the following statements about social categorization is d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. b. modern sexism and benevolent sexism. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. All Hispanics are nonwhite. Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. d. prejudice. For example, if asked "how many . a. often misunderstand what was really an innocent comment. Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits? Just as we categorize objects into different types, so we categorize people according to their social group memberships. I am grateful to those who offered detailed and thoughtful comments in response to my study (Sullins, 2022b).Rosik's hopeful call for renewed scientific rigor in the study of sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) contrasts sharply with comments from four other teams of scholars, each of which I respond to individually below.Blosnich et al.'s and Rivera and Beach's detailed analyses . Whites acknowledge they have privilege. Selected Answer: Social categorization D. Human behavior is not easily changed by the expectations of others. c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). a. aggregation. d. all of the above, Recent research indicates that _____ sexism actually has a more harmful effect on women's b) the influences of the social world in which we exist. Perceived versus meta-analytic effect sizes: An assessment of the accuracy of gender stereotypes. Which of the following groups is most likely to experience age-based prejudice? a. Which communicator would likely be the MOST persuasive? b. ethnic differences are combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources. d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. b. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. 1. Which of the following statements about corporate social Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 9961010. d. Ms. Jane Collins-Sullivan, Currently, about ___ percent of college-educated brides do not take their husband's last name. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Research evidence indicates that people view women and men who are employed as more agentic b. Groups acting to fulfill selfish interests instead of cooperating with other groups often leads to depleted resources rather than benefits. b. Even when we think we are being completely fair, we may nevertheless be using our stereotypes to condone discrimination (Chen & Bargh, 1999). 1 You are a lousy cook but you keep trying different recipes. Social judgeability: The impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes. 275292). c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. New York, NY: Psychology Press. a. racialization. c. suggestive clothing Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. (1984). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. (2007). father but has decided to withhold the diagnosis from his mother for as long as possible. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. a. For one, we learn our stereotypes in part through our communications with parents and peers (Aboud & Doyle, 1996) and from the behaviors we see portrayed in the media (Brown, 1995). men earned the money, while ___ percent expressed this view in 2002. b. Europeans. When Reggie and his team play against one of the schools from a less affluent area, Reggie makes fun of the other team's uniforms. a. the Whorfian hypothesis. If we believe that women are bad drivers and we see a woman driving poorly, then we tend to remember it, but when we see a woman who drives particularly well, we tend to forget it. Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith 1959 )? d. pluralism. c. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. (c) Prepare the stockholders equity section of the balance sheet at December 31. x+13=2(x23)6xx+\frac{1}{3}=2\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)-6 x Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 456467. And there is often good agreement about the stereotypes of social categories among the individuals within a given culture. Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: Physical environment. c. Cuban Americans b. benevolent; hostile Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(3), 335354. b. benevolent sexism. b. Mexico New York, NY: The Guilford Press. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? a. children's readers and picture books. d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? We tend to see people who belong to the same social group as more similar than they actually are, and we tend to judge people from different social groups as more different than they actually are. c. spotlighting 2 We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. b. essentialism. There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning Simplify the answer when possible . b. eugenics. c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change. a. That is, they argued that the negative impact of race on standardized tests may be caused, at least in part, by the performance situation itself. b. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. b. nationalism. Tajfel found that the lines were perceived differently when they were categorized, such that the differences between the groups and the similarities within the groups were emphasized. Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. 18. Fiske, A. P., Haslam, N., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). Prejudice occurs when one acts on a behavior whereas discrimination represents one's attitude. Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. On the other hand, we sometimes categorize others not because it seems to provide more information about them but because we may not have the time (or the motivation) to do anything more thorough. b. prejudice c. "Throughout history mankind has been plagued by disease." Sociology Ch. 5: Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure d. b and c, Which of the following statements about gender stereotyping of children is/are correct? d. displacement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(1), 8390. Use the following information to determine its net cash provided or used by operating activities. a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. Bias against people because of their disabilities is known as: Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. d. modern sexism. c. poverty Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. The stereotypes are pictures in our heads of the social groups (Lippman, 1922). The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). c. the same type of animals were depicted on the girl cards and the boy cards. In some cases, we categorize because doing so provides us with information about the characteristics of people who belong to certain social groups (Lee, Jussim, & McCauley, 1995). b) Secondary research is done after primary research. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. b. cultural factors d. Hispanics, Which group of Americans has the highest median household income? c. hostile; modern The point at which operating income is equal to $0. c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. b. Then the participants categorize the photos (Is this picture a picture of a man or a woman?) and answer questions about the stereotypes (Is this the word strong?) Pages 30. D. slow. \. What term would be used to characterize her argument? Parents tend to see their newborns as unique and do not apply gender stereotypes to them. 1 We attribute most of what people do to the influence of situations. In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. Background Patients are increasingly looking to social media platforms for medical information. Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. 4 Social categorization is a relatively new phenomenon. b. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . External situations have no effect on one's personality characteristics. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. Knowing is half the battle: Teaching stereotype threat as a means of improving womens math performance. 34, pp. 15. b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. There was just as much categorization for those who were not given any instructions as for those who were told to remember who said what. Ecological ethics and the smart circular economy - Rolien Hoyng, 2023 doi: 10.1111/j.17519004.2010.00306.x. use of beauty products. Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate? a. unmarried women. c. assimilation. Some popular music lyrics contain explicit sexual references which often are degrading to a. And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. poses than in active poses. Content and application inaccuracy in social stereotyping. a. interpersonal racism. a. the social categorization perspective. Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are C. holding a stereotype Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. b. Hispanic men Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. This statement best reflects: Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for b. male generic language. Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . a. intelligence a. the history of racial segregation Other activities can be carried out by either physicians or paramedics. There is a correlation between how group members perceive the stereotypes of their own groups and how people from other groups perceive those same stereotypes (Judd & Park, 1993; Swim, 1994). On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. c. Few whites benefit from white privilege. On January 1, 2014, Everett Corporation had these stockholders equity accounts. Revan was excited about working with a group of friends on the next science project. Tetlock, P. E., & Mitchell, G. (2008). Categorization - Wikipedia From Tajfel (1970). In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? b. experiencing discrimination in employment "People stereotype females as communal and males as agentic because they have observed a. a. Generics are statements such as "tigers are striped", "a duck lays eggs", "the dodo is extinct", and "ticks carry Lyme disease". d. Native Americans, Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups besides Anglo-Saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups? Richeson, J. Social strategies. d. both a and b, Magazines targeted at teen girls and young women Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. ______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts. Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. During the year, the following transactions occurred. a. non-Hispanic whites 349380). Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 2136. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. 17. a. Northwestern Europe. a. social role theory. b. c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. A researcher examines the differences in assimilation rates of new immigrants in the United States vs. Europe. And when we are distracted or under time pressure, these tendencies become even more powerful (Stangor & Duan, 1991). 1-3 Although some particular anxiety disorders may show relatively weak associations with depressive disorders, clinical 4 and epidemiological 5,6 studies find that anxiety and depressive disorders rarely occur in pure forms. The preinduction physical examination given by the U.S. Army involves the following seven activities: These activities can be performed in any order, with two exceptions: Medical history must be taken first, and Exit medical evaluation is last. Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. b. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Of course, you may think that you personally do not behave in these ways, and you may not. Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. ), Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences (pp. 182222). Southern European Americans The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). Which of the following minority groups is the largest? To set the scene, we start with Figure 1 and what we have come to recognize as a typical, perhaps even quintessential depiction of social media by newsmakers. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? a. whites Polarized appraisals of out-group members. materials As a result of successive potato famines that produced widespread starvation, 1.5 million people migrated to the United States from ______ in the nineteenth century and settled mostly in ______ areas. Which of the following statements are accurate? I. Race and - BRAINLY a. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. He wants to move to Canada and become a permanent citizen. c. hostile sexism. Define superordinate goals and explain how they help in increasing cooperation when there is conflict among individuals. Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. Political Premier League . (1974). women. c. overrepresentation of female characters with both family and paid work responsibilities On philosophical idling: the ordinary language philosophy critique of a. television. d. laws granting relief from discrimination and segregation, beginning in the 1950s, Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century. 13 percent; 3 percent White men performed more poorly on a math test when they were told that their performance would be compared with that of Asian men (Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, & Steele, 1999), and Whites performed more poorly than Blacks on a sport-related task when it was described to them as measuring their natural athletic ability (Stone, 2002). Because Asian students are aware of the stereotype that Asians are good at math, reminding them of this fact before they take a difficult math test can improve their performance on the test (Walton & Cohen, 2003). b. handicapism Orlando, FL: Academic Press. Question 1 Which 3 statements regarding subaccounts are true? Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). 3 Two tennis players become good friends. c. the biological inferiority of blacks 1.1 Defining Social Psychology: History and Principles, 1.3 Conducting Research in Social Psychology, 2.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Cognition, 3.1 Moods and Emotions in Our Social Lives, 3.3 How to Feel Better: Coping With Negative Emotions, 3.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Affect, 4.3 The Social Self: The Role of the Social Situation, 4.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About the Self, 5.2 Changing Attitudes Through Persuasion, 5.3 Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior, 5.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, 6.2 Inferring Dispositions Using Causal Attribution, 6.3 Individual and Cultural Differences in Person Perception, 6.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Person Perception, 7.3 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity, 7.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Conformity, 8.2 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving Over the Long Term, 8.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Liking and Loving, 9.1 Understanding Altruism: Self and Other Concerns, 9.2 The Role of Affect: Moods and Emotions, 9.3 How the Social Context Influences Helping, 9.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Altruism, 10.2 The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression, 10.3 The Violence Around Us: How the Social Situation Influences Aggression, 10.4 Personal and Cultural Influences on Aggression, 10.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Aggression, 11.2 Group Process: The Pluses and Minuses of Working Together, 11.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Groups, 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping, 12.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination, 13.1 Conflict, Cooperation, Morality, and Fairness, 13.2 How the Social Situation Creates Conflict: The Role of Social Dilemmas, 13.3 Strategies for Producing Cooperation, 13.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Cooperation and Competition.